Eye pressure, also called intraocular pressure, is the pressure of the aqueous humor inside the eye.
It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) as the convention is.
Normal eye pressure is in the range between 10 mm Hg - 21 mm Hg.
When this intraocular pressure exceeds 21 mm Hg, it is termed as ocular hypertension.
It doesn't immediately affect the optic nerve or cause glaucoma overnight.
In fact, it is the drainage system of the eye, also called the angle, being open or closed that causes ocular hypertension.
A clear fluid flows continuously in and out of the anterior chamber and nourishes nearby tissues. The fluid leaves the chamber at the open angle where the cornea and iris meet. When the fluid reaches the angle, it flows through a spongy meshwork and leaves the eye.
Credit: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health
Gonioscopy is the procedure using special contact lenses that examines the drainage angles - also called channels - in the eye to check whether they are open, narrowed, or closed.
There are some other eye conditions too, that may result in increased eye pressure.
Whatever the reason, permanently increased eye pressure may trigger the onset of glaucoma; hence the need for care is certainly there.
The increased eye pressure causes compression of the retina and the optic nerve which can eventually lead to nerve damage.
Credit: National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health
Eye pressure can be reduced either by medications or by laser surgery.
Conventional surgery to treat glaucoma makes a new opening in the meshwork. This new opening helps fluid to leave the eye and lowers eye pressure.
Credit: National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health
A perfectly healthy human eye, having no problems of either structure or function, can see only one part of everything it looks at, the best; and all other parts relatively worse than that. Such an eye is said to have the most acute vision through central fixation.
An eye with any kind of vision problems (which most people have - whether apparent or latent) - loses this central fixation and gets rather economically fixated that may result in an increased eye pressure. The only way out is to get that central fixation back (possible!) through vision therapy.
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